VPN or Proxy with Tor

I understand that the creators of Tor advise not to use VPN with it. From my understanding it defeats the purpose of randomizing the entry and exit node.

For knowledgeable users, what is the pros and cons of using Tor with a VPN, versus Tor with a proxy? What are the differences and is there any instance where using a VPN would be more sensible than a proxy? Or instances where using both would be adviseable?

(I am still understanding the core differences between the two)